Recovery: Bush develops air security plan

New York is pondering the future of the World Trade Center site as it clears the rubble.

SUMMARY:

President Bush Thursday proposed placing armed federal marshals on virtually all U.S. commercial air flights and significantly boosting the federal role in airport security screening as part of a package of administration airline and airport security measures.

UPDATE:

President Bush asked the governors of all 50 states to mobilize the National Guard for airport security until tighter measures can be put in place.

The principles Bush outlined on Thursday call for the airlines to fortify cockpit doors, restrict the opening of cockpit doors during flight and keep the cockpit crew apprised of activity in the cabin during flight. A multi-million dollar fund -- provided through grants and cost-sharing arrangements with other projects -- would pay for aircraft modifications.

•  Summary   •  Update   •  Key questions   •  Impact

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New federal duties would include supervising passenger and baggage security, performing background checks and training screeners and other security personnel, purchase and control of all equipment and oversight of security patrols. (Full story)

Blue-chip buyers returned to the markets by the close of trade Thursday, lifting the Dow out of the day-long doldrums, even as the lagging tech sector kept the Nasdaq from joining the festivities.

The Nasdaq composite index fell 3.38 to 1,460.66. The Dow Jones industrial average rose 114.03 to 8,681.42. The Standard & Poor's 500 index rose 11.55 to close at 1,018.25. (Full story)

Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld Thursday announced that members of the Armed Forces who died in the September 11 attacks will receive the Purple Heart military decoration. In addition, civilian Defense Department employees who were killed or wounded will receive a new decoration, the Defense of Freedom medal, designed to be the civilian equivalent of the Purple Heart. (Full story)

Colleges around the United States have ratcheted up security in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks. Many schools are grappling with how to protect students and still maintain the open environment of academia. (Full story)

KEY QUESTIONS:

Will Americans resume air travel at their previous levels? Click for more

What will happen to the World Trade Center site? Click for more

What are the legal issues involved in compensating the victims?

What will be the long-range impact on the insurance industry?

How has the fabric of New York, Washington and the country as a whole been altered?

What measures will be taken to try to prevent a recurrence of such attacks? Click for more

How will these measures affect the American way of life?

What effect will the attacks have on the economy?

What will be the global effect?

WHO'S WHO:

George W. Bush: U.S. president

Laura Bush: First lady of the United States, she has become more visible since the terrorist attacks, making public appearances urging parents and teachers to help reassure children that everything is being done to try to keep them safe. Click for more

Tom Ridge: President Bush's appointee as head of the newly created Cabinet post of Office of Homeland Security, Ridge has been governor of Pennsylvania since 1995. Click for more

Joe Albaugh:The chief of the Federal Emergency Management Agency Click for more

Rudolph Giuliani: Mayor of New York Click for more

Paul O'Neill: Treasury secretary

Norman Y. Mineta:Transportation secretary

Jane Garvey: FAA administrator

VICTIMS:

As New York began accepting applications for death certificates from relatives of the people reported missing in the World Trade Center attack, military officials continued to release identities of those who died in the Pentagon attack.

New York's estimate of the number of the missing varies from the 4,620 as registered at the family center to the 5,960 missing reported by the police department, which draws names from six sources, meaning there is the possibility of duplicated names. Recovery workers have found 305 bodies. Of those, 238 have been identified. Those numbers don't include the 157 people aboard both planes that crashed into the towers.

The death toll in Pennsylvania is 44. At the Pentagon, the count is 189, including the 64 people who died on American Airlines Flight 77.

IMPACT:

The events of September 11 exposed the vulnerability of the world's greatest superpower, presenting the United States with the challenge of recovering emotionally and physically.

Several industries -- particularly the airline industry and the insurance industry -- have been hit hard by the aftermath of the terrorist attacks, and their progress will be watched closely as a guide to the overall U.S. economic and psychological recovery.