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Philippines (Presidential)

COUNTRY	ELECTION TYPE	DATE
Republic of the Philippines	Presidential and Vice Presidential	May 11, 1998

At stake in this election:

Description of government structure:

The president is directly elected for a six-year term.
The Philippines' constitution limits the president to a single term in office.
A plurality of the popular vote is required to be elected president or vice president.
The president and vice president are elected on separate tickets.

Results of the election for president:

Presidential Candidate: Joseph ESTRADA
Party: Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino (LAMMP)
Valid Votes Received: 10,722,295
Percent of Valid Votes Received: 39.86%
Presidential Candidate: Jose de VENECIA
Party: People Power-National Union of Christian Democrats (Lakas-NUCD)
Valid Votes Received: 4,268,483
Percent of Valid Votes Received: 15.87%
Presidential Candidate: Raul ROCO
Party: Democratic Action
Valid Votes Received: 3,720,212
Percent of Valid Votes Received: 13.83%
Presidential Candidate: Emilio OSMENA
Party: Progressive Movement for Development Initiatives (PROMDI)
Valid Votes Received: 3,347,631
Percent of Valid Votes Received: 12.44%
Presidential Candidate: Alfredo LIM
Party: Liberal Party (LP)
Valid Votes Received: 2,344,362
Percent of Valid Votes Received: 8.71%
Presidential Candidate: Renato de VILLA
Party: Reporma
Valid Votes Received: 1,308,352
Percent of Valid Votes Received: 4.86%

Results of the election for vice president:

Vice Presidential Candidate: Gloria MACAPAGAL
Party: People Power-National Union of Christian Democrats (Lakas-NUCD)
Valid Votes Received: 12,667,252
Percent of Valid Votes Received: 49.56%
Vice Presidential Candidate: Edgardo ANGARA
Party: Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino (LAMMP)
Valid Votes Received: 5,652,068
Percent of Valid Votes Received: 22.11%
Vice Presidential Candidate: Oscar ORBOS
Party: Reporma
Valid Votes Received: 3,321,779
Percent of Valid Votes Received: 13.00%
Vice Presidential Candidate: Serge OSMENA
Party: Liberal Party (LP)
Valid Votes Received: 2,351,462
Percent of Valid Votes Received: 9.20%

When were the last presidential and vice presidential elections?

Last presidential and vice presidential elections held: May 11, 1992
In the presidential election, Fidel Valdes RAMOS received 23.6% of the vote and thus defeated Miriam SANTIAGO, his closest competitor with 19.7% of the vote.
In the vice presidential election, Joseph ESTRADA received 33.0% of the vote and thus defeated Marcelo FERNAN, his closest competitor with 21.7% of the vote.

Population and number of registered voters:

Of Interest:

With ten official candidates, the May 1998 election was the Philippines' largest presidential race in the country's history.

SOURCE: INTERNATIONAL FOUNDATION FOR ELECTION SYSTEMS (IFES)