12 incredible African tribal traditions

Updated 0851 GMT (1651 HKT) December 5, 2016

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At the end of the rainy season near Lake Chad, northern Niger, Wodaabe people come together for <em>Cure Salee</em>, the "Festival of Nomads." At the center of celebrations is <em>Gerewol</em>, a male beauty contest and courtship ritual. Young men -- traditionally herdsmen -- wear full makeup, jewelry and their finest clothes and stand in line to await inspection by female onlookers. White teeth and white eyes are highly prized, so participants will grin broadly and pull all manner of expressions in the hope of attracting attention. It's flirtation <em>en masse</em>, in the hope of winning a night of passion with one of the judges.

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Wodaabe, Gerewol – At the end of the rainy season near Lake Chad, northern Niger, Wodaabe people come together for Cure Salee, the "Festival of Nomads." At the center of celebrations is Gerewol, a male beauty contest and courtship ritual. Young men -- traditionally herdsmen -- wear full makeup, jewelry and their finest clothes and stand in line to await inspection by female onlookers. White teeth and white eyes are highly prized, so participants will grin broadly and pull all manner of expressions in the hope of attracting attention. It's flirtation en masse, in the hope of winning a night of passion with one of the judges.

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Circular lip plates called <em>dhebi a tugion</em> are worn by some Mursi women near Jinka in Ethiopia's Omo Valley. They are one of the few tribes that continue the practice in East Africa, but archaeologists have discovered lip plates in the region stretching back 30,000 years, says anthropologist Dr Jerome Lewis of University College London. "It's a body modification that people find beautiful," he says. "It's also very striking and a distinctive way of marking your difference from other people around you." <br /><br />The bottom lip is pierced with a wooden peg inserted, which is replaced with larger pegs thereafter. Once the hole is big enough the first of a succession of ornamental ceramic saucers are inserted, stretching it over a period of years -- one example from the neighboring Surma tribe measured <a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2786125/Documentary-crew-stumbles-largest-lip-disk-world-whopping-60cm-wide.html" target="_blank">19.5cm wide</a>.

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Mursi, lip plates – Circular lip plates called dhebi a tugion are worn by some Mursi women near Jinka in Ethiopia's Omo Valley. They are one of the few tribes that continue the practice in East Africa, but archaeologists have discovered lip plates in the region stretching back 30,000 years, says anthropologist Dr Jerome Lewis of University College London. "It's a body modification that people find beautiful," he says. "It's also very striking and a distinctive way of marking your difference from other people around you."

The bottom lip is pierced with a wooden peg inserted, which is replaced with larger pegs thereafter. Once the hole is big enough the first of a succession of ornamental ceramic saucers are inserted, stretching it over a period of years -- one example from the neighboring Surma tribe measured 19.5cm wide.

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Women of the semi-nomadic <a href="http://edition.cnn.com/2012/05/11/world/africa/himba-namibia-inside-africa/">Himba tribe</a> in northern Namibia are famous for their reddish hair and complexion. It's the result of <em>otjize</em>, a paste of butter, fat and red ocher, applied daily to their hair and skin. It was once speculated that the <em>otjize</em> served as a form of sun protection and to ward off insects, however the women say it's purely for aesthetic reasons -- which makes sense, given that Himba men don't take part in the practice.

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Himba, otjize – Women of the semi-nomadic Himba tribe in northern Namibia are famous for their reddish hair and complexion. It's the result of otjize, a paste of butter, fat and red ocher, applied daily to their hair and skin. It was once speculated that the otjize served as a form of sun protection and to ward off insects, however the women say it's purely for aesthetic reasons -- which makes sense, given that Himba men don't take part in the practice.

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Herdsmen become hurdlers in the Omo Valley, Ethiopia. Young men of the Hamar tribe, one of many in the valley, prove their manhood by jumping on prize bulls and then running across their backs -- all while naked. The purpose? It's a coming of age ceremony, and only when the participant has traversed the bull run four times will he be allowed to marry. Slip and you risk a hard fall: "Because it's a manhood initiation ritual, [failure] is likely to affect the perception of someone's manhood and that of course can have all sorts of dire consequence," adds Dr Lewis.

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Hamar, bull jumping – Herdsmen become hurdlers in the Omo Valley, Ethiopia. Young men of the Hamar tribe, one of many in the valley, prove their manhood by jumping on prize bulls and then running across their backs -- all while naked. The purpose? It's a coming of age ceremony, and only when the participant has traversed the bull run four times will he be allowed to marry. Slip and you risk a hard fall: "Because it's a manhood initiation ritual, [failure] is likely to affect the perception of someone's manhood and that of course can have all sorts of dire consequence," adds Dr Lewis.

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In Eastern Cape, South Africa, young Xhosa men take part in a coming of age initiation called<em> Ulwaluko</em>. The youths, known as <em>abakhwetha</em>, are first circumcised without anesthetic, before being sent away from their village and into the bush, with minimal supplies and wrapped in a blanket. Wearing white clay on their faces, initiates will fend for themselves for up to two months, living in a structure built by the village's adult community specifically for<em> Ulwaluko</em>. Upon their return they are no longer referred to as "boy" and receive a new blanket. The initiation has not been without its criticisms, due to <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-19256839" target="_blank">complications and malpractice</a> surrounding the circumcision process.

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Xhosa, Ulwaluko – In Eastern Cape, South Africa, young Xhosa men take part in a coming of age initiation c