Protein powder pros and cons: What to know, what to watch out for

By Katherine Dillinger, CNN

Updated 1452 GMT (2252 HKT) March 9, 2018

A new study suggests that eating plant protein can lower your risk of death, while eating meat is associated with an increased risk of death. Soy serves as a source of protein, such as in the form of tofu.
Photos: 6 sources of plant-based protein
Soy – A new study suggests that eating plant protein can lower your risk of death, while eating meat is associated with an increased risk of death. Soy serves as a source of protein, such as in the form of tofu.
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Whole grains include plant-based proteins.
Photos: 6 sources of plant-based protein
Whole grains – Whole grains include plant-based proteins.
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Nuts and nut butters, such as peanut butter or almond butter, contain plant protein.
Photos: 6 sources of plant-based protein
Nuts and nut butter – Nuts and nut butters, such as peanut butter or almond butter, contain plant protein.
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Leafy greens are also a good source of plant protein.
Photos: 6 sources of plant-based protein
Leafy greens – Leafy greens are also a good source of plant protein.
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People trying to cut back on meat might try quinoa as a source of plant-based protein.
Photos: 6 sources of plant-based protein
Quinoa – People trying to cut back on meat might try quinoa as a source of plant-based protein.
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Brown rice can pack a punch of protein.
Photos: 6 sources of plant-based protein
Brown rice – Brown rice can pack a punch of protein.
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Story highlights

  • Convenience is the top benefit protein powders offer, especially for athletes
  • Too much protein -- starting at about 35% of daily calories -- can lead to health issues

(CNN)Protein powders are expected to be a $7.5 billion industry by 2020, and the products are popular for a wide variety of reasons: Vegetarians might feel that their diets are somewhat lacking, athletes may want to add muscle faster or aim for a competitive edge, and still others might be looking for a quick meal that isn't dripping with grease.

And there's an equally wide variety of products on the market. Here's what you should know about protein powders.
    Protein is an important building block for muscle as well as hair, skin and nails. Powders are dehydrated forms from sources such as milk, soy or plants. They're typically mixed with water or other beverages, or they can be added to foods to boost protein content.
      Athletes' protein needs can be up to twice those of the average person because of the energy they expend and the process of breaking down, repairing and building muscle. Many vegans also use protein powders in lieu of animal-based sources such as meat, dairy or eggs.
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      The recommended dietary allowance for protein is about 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight each day, which translates to 54 grams for a 150-pound person.
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      However, "I think those estimates are a little conservative," nutritionist and health journalist Lisa Drayer said, "because as you get older, you lose muscle mass, and it's important to consume an adequate amount of protein to preserve muscle mass, even if you're not an athlete." She recommends that the average adult get 20% to 25% of their calories from protein: 100 to 125 grams for a person on a 2,000-calorie diet.
      Protein needs vary by the individual; older adults or those recovering from surgery or illness might need more.

      Protein powder pros

      Convenience is the top benefit protein powders offer, especially for athletes or those looking to supplement their diets. "Even athletes who have some of the highest needs can meet their needs through foods," said Drayer, who also writes about nutrition for CNN. "It's really like, do you want to bring the yogurt and nuts after running a half-marathon, or would you rather have the protein supplement there?"
      What to eat before, during and after a workout
      What to eat before, during and after a workout
      Similarly, "if you're just low on protein and you just don't have the appetite for a chicken breast for dinner, it's just a nice way to mix into smoothies or oatmeal or baked goods."
      As a nutrient, protein is very filling, which can help you avoid overeating later, and it preserves muscle to keep your metabolism running at its peak. Powders might offer a bit of a metabolic advantage if they are low in calories.