Food gardening tips: How to grow your own fruits and vegetables, according to experts

Whether you’re looking for a new hobby, tired of inflated food prices or just want to be more connected to what you eat, food gardening is a great way to save money while growing delicious and nutritious foods.

The idea of growing your own food may sound daunting, which is why we talked to experts who reassured us it isn’t as hard as you think. “I soon learned that once you’ve broken ground, keeping a garden is not much work at all,” says David Toht, author of “Backyard Homesteading: A Back-to-Basics Guide to Self-Sufficiency” and “40 Projects for Building Your Backyard Homestead: A Hands-On, Step-by-Step Sustainable-Living Guide.” “It’s a pleasure to check the garden in the evening and find, say, more snow peas ready for stir-frying, a hidden zucchini that better be harvested quick before it turns into a dirigible and, joy of joys, that first ripe tomato.”

Brian Brigantti of the TikTok Redleaf Ranch, which has 1.3 million followers, shares a similar wonder for gardening. “We started our vegetable garden in March of 2020, at the wake of the pandemic. With rising uncertainty of how accessible food was going to be, I focused in on growing it ourselves,” Brigantti says. “The further I dived into the world of gardening, the more I realized just how critical having this wisdom is. Not just growing food, but how nature really works.

“As I learned more about the interconnectedness of nature and how greatly we can influence it, the more passionate I became,” Brigantti continues. “Fast-forward two years later: It has become my world. An ongoing journey full of wow and whimsy.”

Brigantti also touts the power of eating food grown in your own backyard. “Growing your own food gives you a much deeper appreciation for what you consume,” he says. “You cherish and value it so much more knowing it was created through your own hands. You have the peace of mind knowing that what you’ve grown is all natural, fresh and organic.”

Toht echoes the benefits of eating cleaner, healthier foods from your own garden. “Raising your own vegetables offers vine-fresh food loaded with flavor, and you know exactly what did or didn’t go into it,” he says. “But not only do you get the freshest possible food, you’re going to save money too. Back in the ’80s I kept track of what we took out of our garden and compared it to the cost of buying the same produce at a farmers market. Our 10-foot-by-30-foot garden gave us over $800 of produce — in 1980s dollars!”

On top of eating healthier food and saving money, Brigantti says that gardening helps you stay physically active too. “You become more agile and strong,” he says. “It’s just good for the soul. There’s something about getting your hands in the ground and feeling the soil run through your fingers that is so therapeutic.”

Vegetable gardening tips and tools

If you want to start your own garden, the first thing to do is to figure out if your space can handle one. Toht says the amount of light the space gets is critical. “Make sure the area you choose gets at least six hours of sun,” he says. “Measure this by recording every hour how much full sun hits your chosen spot, or buy a measuring device like a Rapditest SunCalc. You simply stick it in the ground for 12 hours and it will record the degree of sunlight.”

While Brigantti also recommends finding a spot with five to six hours of sunlight, he says it’s not absolutely necessary. “You can do so much with a fully lit or partially shaded space,” says Brigantti. “If you get less daylight, there is even potential for a shade garden! Many plants grow and thrive in shaded areas.”

There are several ways to dig and build your garden, but Brigantti recommends the no till gardening method. “It’s simple, effective and, most importantly, it’s great for the soil,” he says. “Once you’ve decided on placement and the size of the plot, use your spade to dig a narrow trench in the shape of your bed so you have your outline. The shape you create is up to you; depending on your space, a round or rectangular bed would work best. This trench also ensures that weeds don’t creep into your bed easily.”

After you have an outline, Brigantti says to aerate your soil by poking holes with a pitchfork and gently lifting the dirt, therefore creating air gaps. This makes the soil easier to work with and easier for plants to root in, and it invigorates the microorganisms living in the dirt.

Next, Brigantti says you’ll need to kill off any weeds so your plants aren’t competing for nutrients. To do this, he says to cover your entire area with cardboard and soak the cardboard with a hose, then add a 3- to 5-inch layer of soil on top of the cardboard (Brigantti likes to use compost and worm castings, but he says a mixture of compost and garden soil will also work).

All that’s left to do is plant, which Brigantti says is easily done by cutting little holes in the cardboard and inserting your plants so their roots can reach deep into the soil. Then add 2 to 3 inches of mulch to the top so the whole environment can retain moisture. If you want a more detailed breakdown of this method, check out Brigantti’s full walk-through here. He recommends doing this as soon as the soil becomes workable in the early spring.

While the no till method may be easier on your back, if you do want to till your soil, Toht says breaking ground on a small garden can easily be done in a day. “I recommend digging 4-foot-wide beds with paths in between. That way, you can reach in to weed and harvest without compacting the soil,” he says. “Double digging, something invented by French market gardeners, lets you place plants closer together. You simply dig a spade-wide trench about 10 inches deep, setting aside the soil, then fork up the bottom of the trench, adding compost if you have it. Next, dig a trench beside the first, dumping the soil into the first trench. Keep trenching and forking and you’ll end up with a garden aerated 16 inches down. Plants love it.”

In terms of what plants are best to start off your garden with, Brigantti suggests kale, carrots, rosemary, onions, spinach and marigolds for spring, and tomatoes, peppers, zinnias, sunflowers and beans in the summer. Another plant Brigantti urges you to include is comfrey. “A must-have plant in the garden is comfrey, a deeply nutritious plant that is used by many organic gardeners as fertilizer by either digging it into the ground where you plant or throwing it in their compost for a nice boost,” he says.

Toht says he loves planting tomatoes, pickle-size cucumbers, pea pods, yellow squash and zucchini in the warm seasons. And if you want to try a late harvest, he recommends trying Brussels sprouts since they last into the winter. However, Toht says what you can grow depends on your climate, so you should talk to other experts in your town. “Nothing beats talking to local gardeners who have a few years experience behind them,” says Toht.

A few more tips from Toht and Brigantti:

Below are some tools to help you build and maintain the garden of your dreams, as recommended by our experts.

Growing herbs

“Some really easy growing herbs are rosemary, thyme and lavender,” says Brigantti. “These herbs are a lot less maintenance than veggies. I plant them in full sun and just let them be! They grow wild!“ If you don’t have room outside, there are also plenty of indoor options for growing herbs.

Soil for gardening

“Regarding soil, plants love rich earth that is loose and crumbly,” says Toht. “To do a quick test of your soil, grab a handful and squeeze. Overly sandy soil will fall apart. Clay will squeeze into a heavy wad and have an oily feel to it. Loam — the right stuff — holds its shape just a bit and has a smooth, silky feel. Compost can improve sandy or clay soils over time, but you may choose to buy in a load of black dirt to get started.”

If you don’t have a compost pile and you’re going to buy your own soil, Brigantti has a favorite brand. “I absolutely love all Espoma products. They’re organic and safe for the environment and soil,” Brigantti says. “I always urge people to NEVER use anything synthetic or chemical-based in the garden. It can be incredibly harmful to the ecology of the soil and wildlife as well.”

Gardening books