We might not all be Greta Thunberg, shunning air travel for weeks-long odysseys aboard Atlantic yachts, but turning our backs on short-haul flights in favor of train travel is, for many of us, a more practical enterprise.
Rather than bemoaning the loss of eco-conscious travelers, some airlines seem to be embracing this rail-orientated gear switch.
Dutch airline KLM recently announced plans to partner with European train companies Thalys and NS to replace one of its five daily flights between Amsterdam and Brussels with a high-speed rail service.
Elsewhere in Europe, Austrian Airlines is offering “AIRail,” another terrestrial service in partnership – or codeshare, in aviation parlance – with that country’s national rail operator ÖOB. In Germany, Lufthansa has a collaboration with train network, Deutsche Bahn.
So are these down-to-earth moves by air carriers being made for the sake of the environment, or the bottom line?
There’s clearly a business rationale. Replacing short-haul flights with trains frees up landing and departure slots at busy airports that can be used for more lucrative long-haul services. They also make the airline look greener, even if there’s no long-run difference to its carbon footprint.
Reevaluating short haul
As train expert Mark Smith, founder of rail route encyclopedia The Man in Seat 61, puts it, airlines replacing flight routes with train services combines both “good PR” and “hard commercial reason.”
“There is this trend towards lower carbon travel and the airlines are aware that this is something they can be seen to be doing,” Smith tells CNN Travel.
“This sort of nods towards that, whilst actually there are sound commercial reasons for doing it, by freeing up the long haul slots.”
KLM makes no secret of the business sense behind cutting short haul Amsterdam-Brussels flights, but insists the move will help long-term sustainability and a “fly responsibly” campaign that advises passengers to pack light and offset the carbon emissions of their travel.
“If we can really build a product that is comparable to our current products, we will consider replacing more short-haul flights in the future,” KLM spokeswoman Manel Vrijenhoek tells CNN Travel.
By eliminating one in five of its Amsterdam-Brussels flights departing Schiphol Airport, KLM will play a part in the Dutch air transport sector’s overall mission to reduce C02 emissions by 35% by 2030, she adds.
“KLM is committed to driving a sustainable future for aviation,” says Vrijenhoek. “Part of that commitment is that we want to reduce our footprint.”
Sea change
As for travelers, the stats suggest people are becoming more willing to look at train travel for longer distances.
In the UK, Virgin Trains, which has operated the country’s West Coast railway line for the past two decades, says its share of passengers traveling between London and Glasgow rose to a record 29% in 2019, a move it says is due to people choosing rail over flight.
Given that travel time on this 400 mile route is roughly 4.5 hours by train and about 1 hour 15 minutes by air (plus connection times), and the price points are relatively close, there could be some merit to the claim.
It could also reflect the growing popularity of the recent Sweden-originating “Flygskam” or “flight shame” movement that has seen some championing rail travel over short-haul flights.
But does it represent a major trend that could change the way the world travels?
“I doubt it’s got the airline industry scared,” says Mark Smith of The Man in Seat 61. “It’s more likely that the airlines are going to look towards longer-haul and pull out of short haul.”
Codeshare agreements with train companies also stop airlines from losing their monopoly in a changing market. For customers, it’s also a chance to use or earn air miles and retain airline club status.
On the train
So what’s it like to travel on an air-rail codeshare?
To make sure there’s no misunderstanding, the airlines do make it clear from the outset passengers are traveling by rail, printing it clearly on tickets.
Different types of rail-train alliances offer different services.
On board the Amsterdam-Brussels trains, KLM promises to “fully match the speed, reliability and comfort that air travel offers passengers.”
“There will be a dedicated check-in desk at Schiphol in 2020 to make the connection as smooth as possible for train passengers from Brussels,” says Vrijenhoek.
Austrian Airlines’ AIRail service using ÖBB trains between Vienna and Linz operates under designated flight numbers. Customers get food vouchers redeemable in the train restaurant, while biz class passengers can use ÖBB Lounges at Linz and Salzburg Central Station.
The service has operated since 2014 and is now a fixture of trans-European travel.
“Last year we canceled our flight service between Vienna and Linz as the rail offering was running well,” Leonhard Steinmann, a spokesman for Austrian Airlines, tells CNN Travel.
Something similar happened when Air France began collaborating with French rail company SNCF on high speed services between Paris and Brussels.
On this super quick service, typically taking just over 80 minutes, Air France purchases a block of seats and administers them as an airplane cabin, with bags checked pre-journey and returned to passengers at destination.
The service “really provides an Air France experience,” says airline spokesman Patrice Tétard. So much so that Air France has eradicated its Paris-Brussels air route altogether.
“It didn’t make sense to maintain air connections between Paris and Brussels, the distance is too short,” explains Tétard. “However there is still significant connecting traffic, which we wanted to capture. That is why we established this commercial relationship.”
Over in Germany, Lufthansa got rid of its Frankfurt to Cologne short-haul due to its successful codeshare alliance with Deutsche Bahn under which passengers travel across the German countryside in dedicated compartments.
“The passenger traveling with the train stays our customer, as he travels with a Lufthansa ticket – not in the air but on the ground,” says Lufthansa spokesman Boris Ogursky.
A new era?
So could such success stories mean the end of the line for short-haul European flights?
It’s complicated.
“The decisive factor here is always the alternative for our passengers,” says Austrian Airlines’ Steinmann. “The geographical location and infrastructure play a key role in this case. If it takes too long for a passenger to travel the route by rail, the right framework conditions have to be created beforehand.”
Speed is perhaps the most important factor. In instances where a train service has killed off the equivalent flight route, it’s usually a high speed service known for reliability, efficiency and high standards.
When only long, slower services are available, short-haul flights maintain the upper hand.
“Trains do not always provide satisfactory solutions to cater to the specific needs of passengers, notably same-day return trips for business passengers,” says Air France’s Tétard.
The success stories also, unsurprisingly, involve cities that have airports with integrated rail stations.
Lufthansa’s Ogurksy points out that while its rail alliance routes from Frankfurt have been successful, rerouting airplane passengers to trains to and from its second hub in Munich would be far trickier, since there’s no long-distance train station at the airport.
Customers will only accept a rail replacement if they consider the service to be equal – if not better – than what they get in the sky.
As Ogurksy puts it, it’s all about mastering “profitability, loyalty and ecological aspects.”
And airlines are acutely aware that if customers don’t want to travel by train, they’ll just look for rival airline offerings that stick to flying.
Future of travel
Across the Atlantic, US travelers with no major intercity rail network to access, are used to taking short-haul flights across the country.
There is one notable air-rail alliance. United Airlines has a partnership with rail company Amtrak, allowing travelers to connect to and from Newark International Airport to travel along Amtrak’s Northeast Corridor – and collect United mileage points.
Meanwhile Virgin – known for its planes and trains – is plowing money into a high-speed rail project in Florida.
Mark Smith says it’ll only take one US railway triumph for other services to swiftly follow suit, with LA to Las Vegas a likely contender.
“It’s a massively popular air route, but actually it’s only about 300 miles,” says Smith. “So you could put in a fast train there and beat the plane center to center.”
“I think it’ll only take one before everyone else realizes that in the States, the high speed link between major cities that are only 2, 3, 400 miles apart actually make sense.”
“In a European environment where open access is encouraged and now permitted, there is no reason airlines can’t get involved with trains,” says Smith.
But given the major costs this would involve, rail companies and airlines are more likely to use their mutual expertise to offer the most rewarding, quick and eco-friendly passenger experience.
And in a future which could include super high-speed transport options such as Hyperloop, don’t be surprised if the days of airlines confining their services to the skies become a distant memory.