Biden delivers national address about Covid-19

Many of the people who got a single dose of the Johnson & Johnson Covid-19 vaccine in an early clinical trial developed neutralizing antibodies against the virus by about day eight, and by day 57, all of the volunteers had, according to a study published Thursday in the Journal of the American Medical Association.

The US Food and Drug Administration authorized the Johnson & Johnson’s single-dose Covid-19 vaccine in February. This is one of the first peer-reviewed studies to show how the single dose of the J&J vaccine worked in humans – and it worked well.

The company released data throughout the trial process. In January, J&J also published interim results of a larger part of the vaccine trial in the New England Journal of Medicine. That study showed the vaccine was safe and generated an immune response. 

For this part of the early stage trial, the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston recruited 25 adult volunteers who were randomized into five different groups. One group got a single shot, another got two. In those two groups, scientists tried two different vaccine doses. Another group got a placebo. 

Scientists checked the volunteers’ antibody levels throughout the trial. For the purpose of this study, they reported the total results after 71 days. The company will follow up with these volunteers for two years. 

For the volunteers who got the vaccine, researchers saw that about 90% of those who got the vaccine developed antibodies against the coronavirus by day eight. By day 57, all of the volunteers who got the vaccine had developed neutralizing antibodies, a T-cell response and a cellular immune response after just a single dose. The response was even stronger at day 71.

A note on the study: The study had its limitations. It’s small and the elderly were not included, so it can’t necessarily be generalized to other age groups. Researchers say they will follow up with these volunteers to see exactly how long this protection may last. 

J&J is currently working on several other Covid-19 vaccine clinical trials, including to determine whether a second dose works better. It is also studying how its vaccine works in children and will study how it works in pregnant women. 

The European Medicines Agency said Thursday that the benefits of the AstraZeneca Covid-19 vaccine outweigh the risks, and did not recommend suspending use.

The agency said “the vaccine’s benefits continue to outweigh its risks and the vaccine can continue to be administered while investigation of cases of thromboembolic events is ongoing.”

And it said the number of blood clots seen in vaccine recipients was no higher than the rate among people had not received it in Europe. Full EMA statement here.

What this is about: Denmark, Iceland and Norway have suspended the use of the Oxford-AstraZeneca Covid-19 vaccine while the European Union's medicines regulator investigates whether the shot could be linked to a number of reports of blood clots.

Read more about the European countries who've decided to suspend use of the AstraZeneca vaccine:

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A new coronavirus variant linked to travel from Antigua, and first identified in the UK, is being investigated by Public Health England (PHE), the agency said Thursday. 

The PHE statement said the variant B.1.324.1 was designated as "under investigation" on March 4 after two cases were found in the South East of England who had recently travelled to Antigua, but is not being categorized as concerning for now.

PHE added that contact tracing teams have completed thorough investigations to identify and follow up any close contacts and no additional cases have been found to date. 

Domestic travelers will no longer be required to quarantine after entering New York from another state or US territory beginning April 1, according to a press release from New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo.

International travelers are still mandated to quarantine.

Regardless of quarantine status, all people exposed to Covid-19 or returning from travel must still continue daily symptom monitoring through day 14 and immediately self-isolate if any symptoms develop.

Meanwhile, on Thursday, New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio said 2.5 million total doses of Covid-19 vaccines have been administered. He says he plans to get the Johnson & Johnson vaccine when he becomes eligible on March 17.

Africa is inching toward four million cases and over 106,000 deaths, one year after the Covid-19 global pandemic was declared, according to the World Health Organization.

Of those confirmed cases, in Sub-Saharan Africa and Algeria, about 3.5% were healthcare workers, said Dr. Matshidiso Moeti, the WHO Regional Director for Africa, in a virtual press briefing Thursday. 

Moeti said some 11 healthcare workers catch Covid-19 every hour, and that number is even higher in some countries such as Guinea-Bissau, Liberia and Algeria where over 10% of cases are healthcare workers.

Although there has been an uptick in cases in some African countries, "the continent has experienced a plateau over the past three weeks," Dr. Moeti said.

The WHO continues to monitor the circulation of Covid-19 variants, recording 15 African countries now reporting the variant first detected in South Africa, while nine countries have reported the variant first detected in the UK. 

COVAX is an entity run by a coalition that includes the Vaccine Alliance known as Gavi and WHO and is funded by donations from governments, multilateral institutions and foundations. Its mission is to buy coronavirus vaccines in bulk and send them to poorer nations that can't compete with wealthy countries in securing contracts with the major drug companies.

YouTube has removed more than 30,000 videos containing misinformation about the coronavirus vaccine, the company said Thursday. 

The videos “included claims about Covid-19 vaccinations that contradict local health authorities or the World Health Organization,” said Elena Hernandez, a YouTube spokesperson. “Overall, since February 2020, we have removed over 800,000 videos related to dangerous or misleading coronavirus information.”

YouTube’s policy against Covid vaccine misinformation dates to October of last year, when the company announced that false claims, such as that the vaccine is lethal or will lead to microchip tracking, would be removed. 

YouTube has come under increasing scrutiny for the way its recommendation engine can lead unsuspecting users down extremist rabbit holes and spread misleading claims. Earlier this month, CEO Susan Wojcicki said former President Donald Trump’s account will eventually be restored after it was suspended for incitement. 

Axios was first to report YouTube’s latest removal statistic.

It's just after 10 a.m. in New York, 3 p.m. in London, and 11 p.m. in Hong Kong. On this day one year ago, the World Health Organization officially declared coronavirus a global pandemic.

Here's what you need to know to get up to speed today:

US: More than 29 million cases have been reported in the US since WHO declared a global pandemic.

On this day last year, Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, told a congressional hearing that "things are going to get much worse before they get better."

Europe: Iceland, Norway and Denmark became the latest countries in Europe to say they're suspending the use of the AstraZeneca vaccine as they investigate reports of blood clots in some patients who were inoculated. AstraZeneca says "patient safety is the highest priority."

Latin America: A second wave of Covid-19 is ripping through Brazil, pushing hospitals and ICUs toward collapse and claiming record numbers of daily deaths. The US has the most deaths it the world followed by Brazil and Mexico, according to Johns Hopkins University.

Africa: At least 19 African countries have now started vaccination campaigns and through Covax, more than 518,000 doses have been administered, according to Dr. Matshidiso Moeti, WHO Regional Director for Africa. At least 22 African countries have received almost 14.8 million doses through Covax as of Wednesday, WHO African Region reported in a tweet.

Asia: India has the highest cases in Asia and the second highest cases in the world, according to Johns Hopkins University.

Middle East: Turkey and Iran are the only countries in the Middle East to make the list of the top 20 countries with the highest cases in the world, according to Johns Hopkins University.

Go There: CNN's Sanjay Gupta will answer your questions as the world marks a year of the Covid-19 pandemic. While we wait, read more of his reflections on a year of the pandemic here:

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A new study suggests that in-person learning within New York City's public schools was not associated with a rise in Covid-19 infections compared with the surrounding community – rather, the overall incidence was lower for people in public schools compared with the community.

But the study showed differences among children versus adults. 

Dr. Jay Varma, the city's senior health adviser, led the new study that published in the medical journal Pediatrics this month. New York Mayor Bill de Blasio announced on Wednesday that the peer-reviewed study offers "the strongest evidence to date" of low Covid-19 transmission during in-person learning within schools. 

More on the study: The study included data on more than 200,000 people who were tested for coronavirus infection in New York City public schools between Oct. 9 and Dec. 18 last year. Among them, 0.4% tested positive for Covid-19. When cases were detected, the data showed that 0.5% of their close contacts in the schools subsequently tested positive for Covid-19.

The study's authors — from the mayor's office, New York City Health and Hospitals and the city's Department of Health and Mental Hygiene — analyzed the data, comparing Covid-19 cases that were connected to schools with those diagnosed in the community.

The researchers found that between Oct. 9 and Nov. 19, the incidence of Covid-19 was about 341 cases per 100,000 people among the school population compared with about 529 cases per 100,000 among the general community.

"We’ve said that our public school buildings are some of the safest places in New York City— and we’ve got the numbers to back it up," Mayor Bill de Blasio said in his announcement on Wednesday.

But there were differences by age:

"We found that staff may have an elevated risk of COVID-19 infection relative to the community, but that this risk is not clearly attributable to transmission in schools," the researchers wrote in the study. 

Spain’s Health Minister Carolina Darias said the country has not reported any cases of blood clots in patients inoculated with AstraZeneca vaccines. During an interview with local TV station, La Sexta, she called for caution while the matter is being reviewed by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). 

“I would like to send a message of calm and caution. In Spain we have not been notified of any case related to blood clots,” Darias said. 

Darias said her Ministry is aware of the cases in Austria but not Denmark.

Earlier on Thursday, Denmark decided to suspend for 14 days the use of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine as a “precautionary measure” as it investigates “signs of a possible serious side effect in the form of fatal blood clots,” Danish Health Minister Magnus Heunicke said.

Although several European countries have this week suspended use of vaccines from a specific batch of doses – batch ABV5300 – following reports of blood clots in a few patients, Denmark, Iceland and Norway are the first to pause use of all AstraZeneca vaccines.